Coal-breaker.



W. LLOYD.

GOAL BREAKER. APPLICATION FILED Mn 27, 1913.

Patented Nov. 18, 1913.

3 SHEETSSHEET 1.

"N58858: $96M Q1 W. LLOYD.

GOAL BREAKER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 27. 1913. 1,079,301

3 SHEETS-SHEET Z.

. WLLLOYDQ GOAL BREAKER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 27, 1913.

Patented Nov. 13, 1913.

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I @WE 1. we-z WILLIAM LLOYD, or DIIETON, PENNSYLVANIA.

COAL-BREAKER.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Nov, 18, 1913,

Application filed May 27, 1M3. Serial Nos 770,710.

Ti; all whom it may concern Be it known that I, WILLIAM Lnoro, a citizen of the United States of America, and residing at Drifton, in the coimty of Luzerne and State of Pennsylvania, have mventeda certain new and useful Improvement 1n Coal-Breakers, of which the followingls a specification.

The present invention relates to coal breakers and the object of my invention Is to improve not only the general drive of the breaking rolls, but also the particular construction of the rolls as to their gearing and the formation and arrangement'of the teeth on the rolls.

In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 is a plan of the breaker mechanism; Fig. 2 is a partial side elevation thereof; Fig. 3 1s a broken elevation of one of the breaker rolls with it's gear detached; F igs. 4 and 5 are partial end elevations of certain of the gear eIcments; Fig. 6 1s a broken plan of a breaker roll showing grooves to receive breaker tooth segments; Fig. 7 is an end elevation ofthe same; Figsl8 and 9 are r ctively plan and side elevation of a fi er piece for a roll segment; Figs. 10 and 11 are plan and end elevation respectively of a tooth segment; Fig. 12 is a cross section through portion of apair of rolls showing the manner in which the breaker teeth segments and filler pieces are mounted thereon; Figs. 13 and l4 are plan and broken side elevation of a tooth segment showing. a modified form of tooth; Fig.- 15 is a transverse section throu h the tooth segment shown in the last two gures; and Fig. 16 is an eleva tion partly in section of another form of tooth segment.

The support for the present breaker mechanism may be of anywell known construc-.

tion. For the urpose of illustration .1 have shown merely upon which the sole plates 22, 23 of the rolls rest. Bearing's24, 25, of any suitable character for the shafts 26, 27 of the breaker rolls 28, 29, are mounted on the sole plates. The shafts 26, 27 are geared together through equalizing pinions 30, 31, while the shafi 27 is extended to receive the master gear 32, which is of large diameter. A relatively slow but owerful'drive is imparted to the latter by t e small inion 33 on shaft 34 which is rotated by the belt pulley 35. It has heretofore been customary to drive the breaker rolls at a relatively high speed.

'imity to the breaker rolls,

breaker rolls. curved end plates 36 which overlie theouter may be are subjected. I lagrammatic supports 20, 21,

I have found however that the powerful drive obtained by the gearing arrangement shown gives greatly improved results not only in the wear and'tear on the machinerythe product,

itself, but in the character of which is obtained with muchgre'ater freedom from dust and fine sizes than when operating at the high speed heretofore customary.

To protect the workmen from flying pieces ofbroken coal and from dangerous I provide a housing which inclosesthe latter and is upward exfifllililfidh to form a (port of Ibex throu w'ic te snperpo so coal 0 r not shown) discharges through chutg ai to the This housing comprises portions of the rolls, and provided with quadrant side plates 37 which inclose corresponding portions of the ends of the rolls. Spacing side plates 38 of V-shape extend between the quadrant side plates 37 thus comlitfily inelosing the ends of the breaking roll I s.

above which rises'the box-like portion com.-

pron:

The portions form the housing base,

prising stationary side plates 39 and end plate 40, the latter hinged at 41 so that it readily swung down to admit a workman to the space between the breaking rolls for the purpose of removing obstructions orrepairin'g broken teeth, etc. It is sometimes desirable to change equalizin gears 30, 31 for the rolls. eretofore these have been their shafts and it has been necessary to draw the keys before the rolls could be removed. This has been a very diflicult task after. the .keys have been in position for some time, especially when they have been at all deformed by the strains to. which they now propose to divide the gears mto hub and rim portions, as shown 1n Figs. 3, 4 and 5. The hub portion 42 is rovi ed with a key way 43 into which the ey 44 may be driven so as to practically permanently .fix the hub on the shaft. A

the breaking web 45 extending radially outward from the hub is provided with an annular shoulder 46 and the portion of the web extending beyond this is perforated at 47 to receive screw bolts 48. The rim portion 49 of the gear has a web 50 extending radially inward and of such diameter that it fits over the shoulder 46 of the hub. This web is perforated at 51 in register with the perforations 47 in keyedto ,mon practice to form the breaking teeth 15 with shanks by means of which they were fastened in the perforated shell of the roll body. This old method of mounting the teeth is illustrated in Fig. 3 to make more clear the differentiation of the present construction which is shown in the remaining figures. But it is to be understood that so far as the peculiar shape and arrangement of the breaker teeth is involved in the presentinvention, this old method of mounting theflsame maybe employed without departure'from the invention. I prefer however .to' cast the teeth-in longitudinal segment bars, as shown for example in Figs. 10 to '15, and 'mount them thus in segmental groups upon the roll body. To this end 1 preferably shape the shell of the roll (see F' s. 6 and 7) to form a series of longitudina seats 54 giving the periphery of the roll a; generally polygonal outline. Each seat is preferably stepped at 55, to save machining, the ledges thus formed affording suflicient bearing surface for the segment. I To enable I a the segments to be conveniently bolted in position, the'shell of the roll body is perforated at 56 and the end'web spaced in to afford room for the manipulation of the securing nuts. i

The breaker teeth are preferably made of manganese steel for the sake of durability, and while a segment may be cast integral, asshown in Fig. 16, I prefer, for the sake of economy, to divide it into a filler 57 which maybe of cast iron, and a face plate 58 of manganese steel .with which the breaker teeth 59 are preferably integral. When the filler piece is thus formed in two parts, the filler' 57 is machined not only on its inner 1 face to form longitudinal bearing ribs 60 for the seats 55 on thebody of the roll, but also at thepads 61 which form a seat engaged by the pads 61 on the face plate. A central rib 62 extending downward from the plate 58 passes through a longitudinal perforation- 63 in the filler and affords an engagement between these parts. The perforated end bosses 65 on the face plate, entering the recesses 64 from which extend registering bolt perforations, further this engagement.

The perforations in the face plate are preferably countersunk to receive the heads of the bolts 66 passed through the perforations 56 in the roll shell and secured by nuts 67 adjusted beneath the latter.

Another disadvantage which is common incoal breaker rolls resides in the sha e of the breaker teeth, which are commonly of such contour that they present flat faces opposed to each other during the operation of the rolls, with the result that the coal lumps, instead of being split or cut by the teeth, are crushed. Ajlarge quantity of fine sizes of coal is thus produced which is of less "alue commercially, than the larger sizes. To obviate this difiiculty, I now propose to so shapethe teeth and to so arran e the same upon the rolls that during t e operation .Of th8 latter there are no interstices between the teeth to which cutting edges are not presented. An example of tooth construction is illustrated in Figs. 10 and 11 in which is shown a segment adapted to break coal to the larger commercial sizes now generally employed. The teeth are of two different shapes, circumferentially and longitudinally alined, but with the shapes alternating'in the rows in each direction. The tooth 68 is shaped as a four-sided tusk, arranged with an edge 69 to the front,circum- "ferentially of the roll. This edge is preferably slightly concaved, while the opposite edge 70 is convex. The side edges 71, 72 which lie in a lane extending longitudinally of the roll, curve forward at their outer extremes to meet the edges 69 and 70 at the point 73 of the tooth which lies somewhat forward, circumferentiallv of the roll,

of the center of the tooth at its base.v The coiiperating breaker tooth 74 is alsofour sided, but is arrangedat an angle of 45 to the tooth 68 so that it presents a face 75, instead of an edge, to the front circumferentially of the roll. This face 75 is preferably concaved on substantially the same curve as the edge 69 of the tooth 68, and its opposite face 76 is convexed substantially as is the edge 70. Both faces are constricted toward their outer extremes so as to meet in a narrow cutting edge 77. The triangular sides 78, 79 slope downward and outward from this edge 77 to the sides of the faces 75 and 76. Auxiliary small teeth or teats 80 may be arranged in the interstices between the large teeth, if desired, but their presence is not essential or even desirable in some instances.-

With a tooth' arrangement such as shown,

adjacent tooth longitudinall of the roll, is split by the edge 71 wit out crushing. he space between diagonally opposite teeth is occupied, during the operation of the breaker, by the teeth of the cooperating roll. Inasmuch as the teeth on the latter are similarly arranged, the lumps of coal are subjected to the same action between the edges of the teeth thereon. The large lumps which tend to fall into the rectangular space between the groups of four adjacent teeth on one roll are split by the point of the tooth on the opposing roll which enters this space and forced laterally between the pairs of teeth forming the rectangle just mentioned, and, as the rolls rotate, is there split by the action of the cutting edges of opposed teeth, as described.

In Figs. 13, 14 and 15 teeth of slightly different contour are shown by which the" cutting or cleaving action is also secured.

The teeth 81 and 82 are of smaller size than those shown in Figs. 10 and 11 and are arranged in four, instead of two, rows longitudinally of the roll, and ten, instead of six, rows circumferentially of the roll. The'arrangemenL-of the teeth alternately in the rows both longitudinally and circumferentially of the roll is the same, as is also the presentation of the 'cutting edge of one to the plane side of the other, so as to secure the cutting or cleaving action described; Obviously teeth shaped to effect this action may be cast independently of each other and secured upon the roll in the old manner illustrated, with the common shape of tooth, in Fig. 3. Furthermore, the particular shape illustrated may be modified in various Ways while accomplishing the same end. It is to be understood that the shape shown is merely an lllustrative embodiment of my invention, as is also the particular construction of the various other features of the machine to which reference has been made.

I claim as my invention 1. A coal breaker having a breaking roll and teeth thereon having. cutting edges and abutment faces extending betweensaid edges, the cutting edges of each tooth being presented to abutment faces of the adjacent teeth both circuinferentiallyand longitudinally of the roll.

2. A coal breaker having a breaking roll and teeth thereon having cutting edges and abutment faces, said teeth being arranged in rows circumferentially and longitudinally of the roll, adjacent teeth in said rows both .circumferentially and *longitudinally of the roll being arranged to present particular tooth a cutting edge of one to an'abutment face of the other.

3. A coal breaker having a breaking roll facing in the direction of rotation of the roll.

4. A coal breaker having a brealdng roll body, and'mounted thereon a series of breaker-tooth segments, each segment comprising and a. facing segment coextensive therewith carrying the breaker teeth, in combination with engaging means on the one.hand between thead acent faces of the tooth segment and the/ filler piece, and on the other hand between the adjacent faces of the filler piece and the roll body to take up circumferentiatl thrust together with means common to said tooth segment and filler piece for holding the same on the roll body.

5. A breaker roll comprising a drum of general polygonal outline, the faces of the roll periphery being centrally recessed and stepped to form seats in combination with breaker-tooth se ments substantially coextensive with sai roll faces and hav/ing on their lower faces longitudinal ribs adapted to engage in the. seats in the roll faces to take up circumferential thrust or shearing strains during the operation of the roll, in

combination with means passing through 5 said segments and entering the roll bc a filler piece adjacent the roll bodyto retain said segments in position thereon.

' 6. A coal breaker having a breaker roll comprising a roll. body With end webs inset from the end of the roll body, segments mounted on the latter and breaker teeth on said segments, both the segments and the portion of the roll body'extending beyond the end webs of the roll being perforated in register to receive securing bolts by which the breaker tooth segments may be mounted I threon.

7. A coal breaker having a breaking roll comprising a roll body, inset end webs therefor, a roll spindle fast to the latter, a hub keyed to said spindle and driving gear detachably secured to said hub.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

. WILLIAM LLOXD.

Witnesses:

WALTER ABFER, L. H. Gno'rn. 

